KODAGU Hotspot of Bio diversity

                                        Power needs of KODAGU district:

1. KODAGU known for Coffee, Fruit orchards &  spices has a distinct mark in Indian map. This tiny District ruled by different dynasties  transformed itself to western style by the influence of  British rulers & their colonial interest  in raising Coffee Plantations, growing orange,spices like cardamom & pepper in thick evergreen forest lines of Brahmagiri, Talakaveri & Pushpagiri Ranges  of Western Ghats  mountains & valleys rich in Bio diversity of flora & fauna. Government of India & Government of Karnataka has set up Western Ghat Task Force and  Forest Conservation & Wild life protection zones in Kodagu. These  are formed for conservation & development  of forests. These  Forests  form sanctuaries in South Kodagu having links with Forests of neighbouring states of Kerala & Tamilnadu. 
2. Madikeri  the capital town of this Hill District at a height of 3550 feet above MSL  with rising winding roads from all the four corners from Coastal Karnataka and the plains of Karnataka.This hill Region is part of MYSORE REVENUE Division. Kodagu is now divided in to sixteen Revenue Hobli of Five Taluks. Kushalnagar & Ponnampet are newly formed Taluks carved out of SOMWARPET & VIRAJPET.   Population of the  district is 5,25,000 with people of different ethnicity culture & spoken dialects ( Kodava Thak, Arebashe, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Urdu, Navayaithi, Tulu & other languages).
3. Madikeri Town is managed by CMC with 31 wards is the Taluk and  District head quarters.      Population of town is 35000. Taluk  is divided in to Four Revenue Hoblis i) Madikeri Kasaba ii) Sampaje iii) Bhagamandala iv) Napoklu with 67 villages & population of 1,20,000. Power supply to these villages is now catered by Ten Rural feeders of Madikeri 66 & MURNAD 33KV substations. Per capita Energy consumption in Madikeri Town is 620 units per annum and that of Madikeri Rural is 320 units. Madikeri Taluk occupies 40 % of District geographical area of 4109 sq kms. Brahmagiri & Pushpagiri Biospheres  forms the western boundary of  the District  with  Coastal Karnataka  and KERALA. NH-275 National Highway and  SH-27/ 89 /90/ 91 State Highways connects the Districts with neighbouring Districts. 
4. Post independence & State  reorganisation  KODAGU-"C"  State merged with Mysore ( Now  Karnataka) State. Mysore Electricity  entered the District in the year 1961 by extending 66 KV  transmission line from KR Nagar to KUSHALNAGAR.  1961 to 2022 Electrical demand in the District has increased with 100% Electrification.  Kodagu is dependant on South west Monsoon for growing paddy in the valley. River Kaveri flowing from east to west & other west flowing rivers drains the rain water fallen on its catchment area. Kodambur River in Karike, Payaswini in Sampaje Ghat & Kumaradhara  in Pushpagiri hills are west flowing rivers of valley. 
   
5. HYDEL power potential of the District is not fully utilised. BARAPOLE HYDEL was planned by earlier COORG  C State and  shelved later due to environmental objections from farmers of South Kodagu. HARANGI Project across river Hatti/ Harangi is Irrigation oriented. Making use of the  embedded Pen Stock in the Dam, Government issued letter of Intent to M/s EDCL to establish 2*4.6 MWs Hydel power. which generates power from June to October and evacuates energy  at 66 KV to Kushalnagar 220/66 KV station. 2.9 MWs Hydel power plant is established near BEEDALI village of Somwarpet Taluk near Mallalli Falls. M/s Bhoruka Power Corporation Ltd has established 2*5.5 MWs hydel plant in KARIKE village of BHAGAMANDALA HOBLI pumping energy at 33 KV to SULLIA 33/11 KV station by 33 KV DC line with Coyote ACSR. KPCL Survey & Investigation Division had formulated Hydel project across  Dabbadka Stream ( Tributary of River Payaswini) with Road bridge cum Dam across the river near Dabbadka Forest Office  .and establishh run of the river 12.0 Mws Generating station at Chembu ( near Anehalla Limits) Letter of intent  issued to M/s Subhash Projects by Government is not taken up. 
   
6. SAMPAJE HOBLI: This hobli stretches from Peraje Village Panchayath on Kerala border to Kaggodlu Village, with Revenue Hobli ( Nad) office in SAMPAJE. From last few years the tail end villages of Chembu & Sampaje Panchayath are experiencing low voltage and power interruptions. PERAJE Village is fed from Sullia MUSS. 
   
7. KPTCL & CHESCOM have conducted techno economic feasibility study and  examined the need for 66/11 KV substation in SAMPAJE Kodagu  and formed Project to extend 66 kv transmission line from Madikeri to SAMPAJE &  establish 66/11 Kv 1*12.5 MVA substation to feed "SAMPAJE,CHEMBU & PERAJE" Village Panchayath 11 KV distribution. 
   
8. Power Grid planners are planning to establish 400 KV Main Receiving Station in Mangalore Taluk near Ganjimata limits & Yetthinahole project limits in Shiradi Ghat . 220 KV/66 KV Receiving  station near Kaniyur ( Arkalgud Taluk near Mallapatna on Hassan Kodagu border   ) with source from 400/220 Kv Central Power Grid station at SHANTHIGRAMA. 
   
9. Kodagu Grid need to have connectivity of second power source to meet N-1 requirements stipulated by Central Electricity Authority.  Kodagu has Seven 66 Kv & Four 33 Kv substations with 83 nos of 11 KV feeders. Hence as per present plan of KPTCL  Kodagu will have Two 220 KV on its outer periphery on  East & North Eastern parts. Technical feasibility of establishing 220 KV in Madikeri outskirts for equitable distribution of power to Madikeri, Bhagamandala, Murnad, Sampaje and to Border substations of SULLIA Taluk ( Sullia, Bellare, Guthigar, Subramanya). Kadavinakote- Kaniyar  (Arkalgud Taluk) need to be considered.  
   
10. Virajpet 66 kv the present tail end of 66 KV line is at a circuit length of 80 Kms from Kushalnagar 220/66 KV station. Proposed HUNSUR 220 KV will reduce the length only by 14 Kms. The present single circuit from proposed HUNSUR to Ponnampet is being strengthened by Double Circuit. Hanagodu, Proposed Balele, Ponnampet, Srimangala, Proposed Hudikeri, Virajpet, Proposed Kalathmadu will be on this new DC line. 
    
11. Proposals for new 66 KV lines: i)  Drawing of 66 KV Double circuit Transmission lines from Kushalnagar to Virajpet/Ponnampet via Siddapura 66 Kv is under study by Chief Engineer Transmission Zone Mysore.ii)Linking present 66 KV EDCL line from proposed KUDIGE substation to Madapura- HS Halli ( Somwarpet Taluk) via Yadavanad-II and Kajoor need to be considered.  The alignment of 66 KV from HS Halli to Madapura new Substation can be converted as Multi Circuit Multi Voltage transmission line( MCMV).   

KODAGU POWER NEEDS

 

 Present Distribution Licensee catering power to KODAGU District. CHESCOM  Madikeri Division, Chamarajanagar & KODAGU Circle, Points for discussion.

 

1.    Present system:   Seven 66 KV & Four numbers of 33KV substations    cater power to Kodagu District (Five Taluks).      KPTCL  [ Transco] has plans of upgrading 33 kv stations to 66KV(Srimangala,Murnad, Somwarpet, Siddapura) and establish new stations in 2022-23 Annual plan of works.

2.  KODAGU District has a geographical  area of 4109 Sq km area with 40% Reserve Forest & Deemed Forest Areas and population of 5,32,000 is  fed by  83 nos of 11 kv feeders. Plans for Eight new 66 Kv ss are in pipe line with addition of 32 nos of 11 KV feeders.

3.      KUSHALNAGAR 220/66 Kv Main station feeding South and North KODAGU need to be strengthened and out going lines rearranged. 

4. Need for additional 220/66KV Receiving  station at MADIKERI  District hqs.   By horizon year 2026   Load is expected to be   of 40 Mws+ as per the projections of Home Stay Owners associations, Kodagu District Chamber of Commerce and Kodagu Planning Authority. New substations are under consideration in   the Hobli head quarters  around MADIKERI.

5.  Establishing substation at MADENADU (Sampaje Hobli) on western part of Madikeri town backed up by Community solar plant to augment power during summer to arrange quality power to rural areas DTCS of Madenadu, Katakeri, Hebbatageri Karavale Badaga Galibeedu, Bettathur Kolagadal, Avvandur of Madikeri Kasba/ Sampaje / Bhagamandala now tapped from Raja Seat urban feeder  & different lengthy rural feeders need to be studied and examined. 

6.     KPTCL is requested to consider:

 i)  extending 66 KV D/c line from Kushalnagar  to Somwarpet (Harangi –Jamboor) to connect existing stations & proposed new Substations of SOMWARPET & KUSHALNAGAR Taluk on northern parts of KODAGU   proposed to be connected to  66KV Madikeri Lines.

ii) 66KV Dc line from KNR to SIDDAPURA( Beetikaadu) to feed loads of Ponnampet & Virajpet and improve Voltage profile and save ENERGY.

7.   Load growth is anticipated in MADIKERI CMC area now  fed by six 11kv feeders ( Five urban & One water supply) and in 67 villages of four hoblis by Ten feeders. 

     To consider additional 220 KV Receiving Station to  KODAGU for stable & safe POWER during outages of present  single source of 220 Kv DC from Bastipur to Kushalnagar. 

8. To consider extending second source of Power to KODAGU District from Shanthigrama 400/220 KV  POWER GRID : 

9.    Details of   distribution network ( SLD), Peak load in Amps & Megawatts, Energy sent out in feeders per annum,  sold ,Aggregate Technical loss for the year 2021-22 with conductor details at each section   of HT line ( Trunk & Spur ) of Maragodu, Napoklu & Hoddur   feeders fed from MURNAD 33/11 KV substation  is urgently  requested  for  examining the need for improvements to feeder.  

10. Project of upgradation of Murnad 33 )11kvto 66)11kv  sanctioned long back need to be awarded on turn key basis   with 12.5 MVA Transformer and additional feeders tapping the " Madikeri- Virajpet 66 KV Link line " work under progress. Hoddur feeder tail end Consumers are suffering.

11) To consider establishing 33 kv stations in remote forest areas like Peraje Karike Chelavara Bettageri, Galibeedu and other areas as ROW with 18 meters width for 66 KV transmission lines is difficult in western ghat hilly terrain.

ರತ್ನನ ಕನ್ನಡ ಬರೆಹಗಳು:

  ರತ್ನನ  ಕನ್ನಡ ಬರೆಹಗಳು:  

ಕಳೆದ ಎಂಟು ದಶಕಗಳಿಂದ ಈ ತಾಯ್ನುಡಿಯ ಪದ ವಾಕ್ಯ ಪ್ರಬಂಧಗಳನ್ನು ವಿವಿಧ ರೂಪಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ನೋಡುತ್ತಾ ಬರುವ ಸೌಭಾಗ್ಯ ನನ್ನದಾಯಿತು. ಹುಟ್ಟಿದ್ದು ಮಲೆನಾಡಿನ ಮಡಿಕೇರಿಯ ಸರಕಾರೀ ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ. ತಂದೆಯವರು ಭಾರತೀಯ ವಾಯು ಸೇನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಎರಡನೇ ಮಹಾಯುದ್ಧದ ಪ್ರಯುಕ್ತ  ಕೊಡಗಿನ ವಿದ್ಯಾ ಇಲಾಖೆಯಿಂದ ನಿಯುಕ್ತ ರಾಗಿದ್ದರು (೧೯೪೧-೪೫). ಚೆಂಬು ಸರಕಾರೀ ಶಾಲೆಯ ಪ್ರಥಮ ಏಕ ಉಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ ಭಾಗ್ಯ ನಮ್ಮ ತಂದೆಯವರದ್ದು.  ಆಗ ತಾನೇ ಮಂಗಳೂರಿನ ಸಂತ ಆನ್ಸ್ ಉಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ ತರಬೇತಿ ಕಾಲೇಜುನಲ್ಲಿ ಎರಡು  ವರ್ಷದ  ಮಾಧ್ಯಮಿಕ  ತರಬೇತಿ ಪಡೆದು ಬಂದಿದ್ದರು ಅಮ್ಮ. ಸಂಪಾಜೆ ಕೀಲಾರು ಬಯಲು ಮಾದೆಪಾಲಿನಲ್ಲಿ ವಾಸ. ನನಗಿಂತ ಐದು ವರುಷ ಹಿರಿಯಕ್ಕ ಮನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ. ಮನೆ ಕೆಲಸಕ್ಕೆ ಮತ್ತು ಇತರ ಹೊರ ಕೆಲಸಗಳಿಗೆ ಚಾಕರಿಗೆ ಜನ ಇದ್ದ ಕಾಲ.ಅಜ್ಜನ ಕಾರುಬಾರು ದರ್ಬಾರು ನಡೆಯುತ್ತಿದ್ದ ಕಾಲವದು.  ಅಜ್ಜಿ ಯವರು ನಮ್ಮೊಡನೆ ಇದ್ದರು. ತರಬೇತಿ ವೇಳೆ  ಅಮ್ಮ ಕೆಲಸಕ್ಕೆ ಅರ್ಜಿ ಹಾಕಿದ್ದರು, ಸುಳ್ಯದ ಅಡ್ಕಾರು ಅಣ್ಣಪ್ಪ ಎಂಬುವವರು  ಜಿಲ್ಲಾ ಬೋರ್ಡ್ ಆಫೀಸ್ನಲ್ಲಿ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿದ್ದರಂತೆ. ಹಾಗಾಗಿ   ನಡು ಕರಾವಳಿಯ ಬಾರಕೂರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಜಿಲ್ಲಾ ಬೋರ್ಡ್ ಹೈಸ್ಕೂಲ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ ಹಂಗಾಮಿ ಉಪಾಧ್ಯಾಯ ಕೆಲಸಕ್ಕೆ ಆದೇಶ ಬಂದು   ೪೦ ದಿನದ ಮಗು ವಾಗಿದ್ದ ನನ್ನನ್ನು ಕರೆದು ಕೊಂಡು ಸಂಸಾರ ಸಮೇತ ಆರು ನದಿಗಳನ್ನು ದೋಣಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ದಾಟಿ ಬಾರಕೂರಿಗೆ ಪಯಣ. ಅಲ್ಲಿಂದಲೇ ಶುರುವಾಯಿತು ನಮ್ಮ ಇಂಪಾದ  ಬನವಾಸಿ ಕದಂಬರ ರಾಜ ಭಾಷೆಯ ಪರಿಚಯ. ಕುಂದ  ಕನ್ನಡ , ಹವಿಗನ್ನಡ, ಅರೆ ಗನ್ನಡದಾ  ಶಬ್ದ ಭಂಡಾರದ  ತೊದಲ್ನುಡಿಗಳು. ಮನೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಅಕ್ಕನನ್ನು ನೋಡಿಕೊಳ್ಳಲು ಜೋಗಿ ಅಣ್ಣಪ್ಪಣ್ಣ ಇದ್ದರು ಅವರೊಡನೆ ಒಮ್ಮೊಮ್ಮೆ ತುಳುಬಾಶೆ. 

ತಾಯಿಯವರ ಹುಟ್ಟೂರು ಭಾಗಮಂಡಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾಧ್ಯಮ  ಮಡಿಕೇರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರೌಢ  ಶಿಕ್ಷಣ ,  ಕಾಲೇಜು( ಪಿ ಯು ಸಿ ) ಓದುವ ವೇಳೆ ಕೊಡವ ತಕ್, ಅರೆ ಬಾಶೆಗಳ ಇನ್ನೂ ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ಪರಿಚಯವಾಯಿತು. ಮೂಲ ಕನ್ನಡ ಇನ್ನಷ್ಟು ಬಲ ವಾಯಿತು.  ನಮ್ಮ ಪರಂಪರೆ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ ಗಳ  ಮೂಲವನ್ನು ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ಮಾಡತ್ತಾ ಇಂದು ಕನ್ನಡ ನಾಡು ಯದುರಾಜರಾಳಿದ ನಾಡಲಿ ತಳವೂರುವ ಅವಕಾಶ. ನಡೆ ಕನ್ನಡ, ನಗೆ ಕನ್ನಡ, ನುಡಿ ಕನ್ನಡ, ಮನ ಕನ್ನಡ, ಉಸಿರು ಕನ್ನಡ ಸರ್ವಂ ಕನ್ನಡಮಯಂ. ಹಿರೇ ಮಗಳೂರು ಕಣ್ಣನ್ ಮಾಮ ಪ್ರೊ ಕೃಷ್ಣೆ ಗೌಡರ ಮಾತುಗಳನ್ನೂ ಮಿತ್ರ ಸಹಪಾಠಿ ದತ್ತಣ್ಣ ( ದತ್ತಾತ್ರೇಯ )ನ ಸಿನೆಮಾಗಳನ್ನ ನೋಡುತ್ತಾ ಮಿತ್ರ  ಚಿದಾನಂದರ  ತಾರಿಣಿಯರ ಸಾನ್ನಿಧ್ಯ   ವಿನಿಮಯ ಸಂಬಾಷಣೆಗಳ  ಅನುಭವದಿ ಕನ್ನಡದ  ನಂಟು ವ್ಯಾಮೋಹ ಇನ್ನೂ ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಯಿತು. 

"ಕೆಂಡ ಸಂಪಿಗೆ" "ಪ್ರತಿ ಲಿಪಿ"ಗಳ ಪರಿಚಯವಾಯಿತು. ಬಾಶೆಯ ಆಳದ ಅನುಭವ ವಾಗುತಲಿದೆ. ಸರಳ ಮುಗ್ದ ಗ್ರಾಮೀಣ ಸೊಗಡಿನ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ ಬದ್ಧ ಶ್ರೀಮಂತ ಭಾಷೆಯಿದು. ಎಷ್ಟು ಸರಳವೂ ಅಷ್ಟೇ ಅರ್ಥ ಗರ್ಭಿತವಾಗಿದೆ ಈ ಭಾಷೆ . ಇಂದಿನ ಆಧುನಿಕ ಸವಲತ್ತು ಅವಲತ್ತು ಗಳನ್ನು  ಚೆನ್ನಾಗಿ ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು ನಮ್ಮ ನಾಡ ಕನ್ನಡ ಬಾಶೆ, ನನ್ನ ಅಮ್ಮನೊಡನೆ ಆಡಿದ ಭಾಷೆ   ಅನ್ನದ ಬಾಶೆಯಾಗಿ ಈಗ "ಈ -ಕನ್ನಡ" ವಾಗಿದೆ  ನಾಡ  ಬಾಶೆ.  ಕರ್ನಾಟಕದ  ರಾಜ್ಯ ನುಡಿ ಕನ್ನಡ ಇಂದು ವಿಶ್ವ ವ್ಯಾಪಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರೀಯ ಸ್ಥಾನ ಮಾನ ಲಭಿಸಿದೆ. ಸಾಂವಿಧಾನಿಕ ಗುರುತಿದೆ. ಚದುರಿ ಹೋಗಿದ್ದ ನಮ್ಮೆಲ್ಲರನ್ನೂ ಒಟ್ಟು ಗೂಡಿಸಿತು ಈ ಮಾತೃ ಬಾಶೆ ಪರಂಪರೆಯ ನಾಡ ನುಡಿ. (ಕೀ ಬಾ ರ /     

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ನವಮಿ

 ದೇಶಾದ್ಯಂತ ಇಂದು ಶ್ರಿ ರಾಮ ಜಯಂತಿ ಯನು ಆಚರಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತಿದೆ. ಶುಭಕೃತ್ ನಾಮ ಸಂವತ್ಸರದ ಉತ್ತರಾಯಣ ಪುಣ್ಯಕಾಲ ಶುಕ್ಲ ಪಕ್ಷದ ಚೈತ್ರ ನಕ್ಷತ್ರದಂದು. ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ ೨೦೨೨ ಅಮಾವಾಸ್ಯೆಯಂದು ಪ್ರಾರಂಭವಾಗಿ , ಅಮಾವಾಸ್ಯೆಯಲ್ಲಿ  ಅಂತ್ಯ ಗೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತಾ ಚಾಂದ್ರಮಾನ ಮತ್ತು ಸೌರಮಾನ ಯುಗಾದಿ ಅನೇಕ ಶುಭ ದಿನಗಳ ಆಚರಣೆಯ ಪರ್ವ ಕಾಲ.  ನಾಡಿಗೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರಕ್ಕೆ ಶುಭ ಕೋರುವ ಕಾಲ. 

ನಿನ್ನೆ ಕೊಡಗು ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಜಿಲ್ಲೆಯ  ಹಲವೆಡೆ ಗುಡುಗು ಮಿಂಚು ಸಹಿತ ಮಳೆಯಾಗಿ ಇಂದು ಹವೆ ಸ್ವಲ್ಪ ಮಟ್ಟಿಗೆ ತಂಪಾಗಿದೆ. ನಿನ್ನೆ ಯವರೆಗೆ ಉಶ್ಣಾಂಶ ತೀರಾ ಹೆಚ್ಚಾಗಿದ್ದು ಈ ಬಾರಿ ಬೇಗನೆ ಮಳೆಯಾಗುವ ಲಕ್ಷಣಗಳು. 

ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿ ಪಥದತ್ತ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರವನ್ನು ಕೊಂಡೊಯ್ಯಲು ಯೋಜನೆಗಳ ತಯಾರಿ ನಡೆಯುತ್ತಿದೆ. ಸಂಪನ್ಮೂಲ ಕ್ರೋಡಿಕರಣ ಹಾಗೂ ಬೃಹತ್ ಯೋಜನೆಗಳ ಅನುಶ್ಟಾನದತ್ತ ಯೋಜಿಸುತ. ಗ್ರಾಮ ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ರಾಮ ರಾಜ್ಯ ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಲು.

Electric Power Tariff 2022-CESC

Case Study of Electric Power Tariff 2022;

KERC  approved the proposal of Annual Revenue Return for FY 23 to FY25 submitted by CESC in December 2021 vide Notification dated 4th April 2022.  Break up of  2021  statistics furnished by CESC are as follows;

Out of total consumers of 34,19,960 under different categories. Energy sales of 6302.82 MUs  , Revenue in Crores is 4289.59 Crores. ,

1) LT-2 Residential category 20,52,580 nos  form 60.02% of Consumers with 17.14% of Energy sales [1080.61 MUs]  & 16.40% Revenue [Rs 703.46 Crores] earning.  

2)LT-4 Irrigation category[434,042 nos] form 12.69% Energy 2970.19 MUS. with revenue yield ofv1757.25 Crores (40.97%] 

3)Under HT tariff ; 2587 consumers [0.8%] share 1285.06 MUs [ 20.39%] with Revenue return of 1028.22 crores [23.97%].

 Few HT consumers have invested in IPP's in Generation of Energy & get the energy wheeled. Urban AEH consumers have installed Solar water heaters and installed Roof top PV modules and are reducing the peak load burden for grid & dependant on self energy[ Self sufficient in Energy]. PM-KUSUM YOJANa under Component-C & other schemes are launched to reduce this major share ( 47%) of energy sale by NJY feeders & promoting PM Kusum schemes in all the States of India.  2020-21 Target for  supporting 4.00 lakh Ip sets under this scheme. 50% by Feeder Solarisation by ESCOMs & 50 % by providing support to individual grid connected IP set.

KERC has taken note of the increase in  Energy loss in HT distribution & increase in Energy purchase price  from different sources. Distribution  subdivision of ESCOMs in KARNATAKA has the record of up to date digital data of 11KV feeders & Distribution Transformer Centres and software for  closely monitoring the new installations connected on each phase of TC, failure of Transformer centres. Check the Voltage regulation at the proposed tapping point while adding new TC's to the feeder.  Aggregate Technical loss of the 11 KV distribution with Technical loss in Transformer centre and loss in each section of Trunk line & spur lines of the feeders is calculated & compared with nett AT&C loss.